Glioma is the most common primary central nervous system tumor， and glioblastoma is characterized by high aggression， poor surgical outcome， and chemotherapy resistance. There is a pressing need to discover new and effective treatments. Mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） are undifferentiated stem cells with high proliferation ability， great differentiation potential， and unique “homing” ability. MSCs can be isolated from a variety of human tissues， with different physiological characteristics for tumor promotion or inhibition. The “homing” of MSCs can be used for gene therapy to achieve precise targeted tumor therapy and to improve tumor drug resistance and recurrence. In this article， we introduce the research progress and challenges of MSCs in the treatment of glioma in recent years.