Objective To investigate the changes in the expression of serum amyloid A （SAA） and β-amyloid （Aβ） in patients with acute ischemic stroke （AIS） and their association with early neurological deterioration （END）.Methods A total of 203 patients with AIS who were hospitalized or observed in our hospital from July 2016 to January 2018 were enrolled， and according to National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale （NIHSS） score， they were divided into END group with 59 patients and non-END group with 144 patients. The expression levels of SAA and Aβ in peripheral blood were compared between the two groups， and a multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association of SAA， Aβ， NIHSS， and Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score （ASPECTS） with END.Results The END group had significantly higher expression levels of SAA and Aβ than the non-END group （P<0.05）. Compared with the non-END group， the END group had a significantly higher NIHSS score and a significantly lower ASPECTS score （both P<0.05）. In the patients with AIS， the degree of END increased with the increases in the expression levels of SAA and Aβ in peripheral blood （P<0.05）. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that increases in the expression levels of SAA and Aβ were risk factors for END in patients with AIS （P<0.05）.Conclusions There are increases in the expression levels of SAA and Aβ in peripheral blood in AIS patients， which can be used as indices to predict the development and severity of END.