Objective To investigate the correlation of the expression of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor 3 （NLRP3） inflammasome signaling pathway-associated factors with neuroinflammatory response， neuroinflammatory injury， and oxidative stress in patients with Alzheimer’s disease （AD）.Methods A total of 116 patients with AD who were admitted to our hospital from May 2017 to May 2019 were enrolled， and according to the Mini-Mental State Examination （MMSE） score， the patients were divided into mild group with 53 patients， moderate group with 45 patients， and severe group with 18 patients； 40 individuals who underwent physical examination in our hospital during the same period of time were enrolled as control group. The above groups were compared in terms of Activities of Daily Living （ADL） score and Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale （ADAS-Cog） score. The correlation of NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway-associated factors with inflammatory response， inflammatory injury， and oxidative stress was analyzed by measuring and comparing the mRNA expression of NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway-associated factors ［NLRP3， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， and caspase-1］， the levels of factors associated with inflammatory response and injury ［nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-κB）， glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP）， and interleukin-18（IL-18）］， and the levels of oxidative stress-related factors ［superoxide dismutase （SOD）， malondialdehyde （MDA）， catalase （CAT）， and glutathione peroxidase （GPX-3）］.Results There were significant differences in ADL and ADAS-Cog scores between the patients with different severities of AD （P<0.05）， and ADL score gradually decreased and ADAS-Cog score gradually increased with the aggravation of AD （P<0.05）. The patients with AD had significantly higher mRNA expression levels of NLRP3， IL-1β， and caspase-1 than the control group （P<0.05）， and the mRNA expression levels of NLRP3， IL-1β， and caspase-1 gradually increased with the aggravation of the disease （P<0.05）. The patients with AD had significantly higher levels of the factors associated with inflammatory response and injury NF-κB， GFAP， and IL-18 than the control group （P<0.05）， and the levels of NF-κB， GFAP， and IL-18gradually increased with the aggravation of the disease （P<0.05）.The patients with AD had significantly lower levels of the oxidative stress-related factors SOD， CAT， and GPX-3 than the control group （P<0.05）， and there were significant differences in the levels of these factors between the patients with different severities of AD （P<0.05）. The correlation analysis showed that the mRNA expression levels of NLRP3， IL-1β， and caspase-1 were positively correlated with the expression levels of the factors associated with inflammatory response and injury NF-κB， GFAP and IL-18 （P<0.05）， negatively correlated with the levels of the oxidative stress-related factors SOD， CAT， and GPX-3， and positively correlated with the expression level of MDA （P<0.05）. The mRNA expression levels of NLRP3， IL-1β， and caspase-1 were negatively correlated with ADL score and positively correlated with ADAS-Cog score in AD patients （P<0.05）.Conclusions NLRP3 plays an important role in the development and progression of AD， possibly by regulating neuroinflammatory response and oxidative stress in AD patients.