Objective: To analyze the technical key points and clinical diagnostic and therapeutic value of short-term spinal cord electrical stimulation in the treatment of patients with chronic disorders of consciousness after brain injury, with a focus on exploring the efficacy of this surgical method in patients with minimally conscious state. Methods: A retrospective summary was made of 100 cases of short-term spinal cord electrical stimulation surgeries performed in the Department of Neurosurgery, Wuhan Brain Hospital from December 2023 to July 2025. The technical key points of the surgical process were analyzed, and its clinical application value was evaluated in combination with follow-up. The technical key points of the surgery were analyzed, and the clinical efficacy was assessed through follow-up at 4 weeks after surgery. The improvement of consciousness was determined by changes in the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R) scores. Results: Under general anesthesia, patients were placed in the prone position, and epidural puncture was performed through the T7-T8 intervertebral space. The tip of the stimulation electrode was placed at the C2 level under the guidance of digital subtraction angiography fluoroscopy, with a stimulation treatment cycle of 4 weeks. The stimulation parameters were set as follows: the initial frequency after surgery was 5 Hz, which was changed to 70 Hz one week later, with a voltage of 1-5 V; small stimulation cycle: 15 minutes on, 15 minutes off; large stimulation cycle: turned on at 8:00 and turned off at 20:00. Among the 100 patients, 80 were in a minimally conscious state (MCS) before surgery (including 62 cases of MCS- with CRS-R scores of 8-11 points and 18 cases of MCS+ with CRS-R scores of 12-15 points), and 20 were in a vegetative state (VS) before surgery with CRS-R scores of 3-7 points. The 4-week postoperative follow-up showed that the consciousness of 50 patients was effectively improved (with an effective rate of 50.0%): 38 out of 80 MCS patients responded (26 cases of MCS- converted to MCS+, 12 cases exited MCS), and 12 out of 20 VS patients responded (9 cases converted to MCS-, 3 cases converted to MCS+). No serious surgery-related complications occurred in all patients (only 1 case had mild redness and swelling at the puncture site, which healed after local dressing change). Conclusion: Short-term spinal cord electrical stimulation is minimally invasive and safe for the treatment of chronic disorders of consciousness, and has clear clinical value for patients mainly with minimally conscious disorders. It can be used as an important option for awakening treatment in patients with chronic disorders of consciousness. During the surgery, emphasis should be placed on the accuracy of electrode placement and the rationality of parameter adjustment.