Objective To explore the correlation between preoperative controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score and related inflammatory indicators and clinical prognosis in patients with high-grade glioma. Methods From January 2015 to December 2020, 110 patients with high-grade glioma admitted to the First People's Hospital of Yibin were reviewed to collect their medical records and follow up until December 30, 2022. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to explore the area under the curve and the optimal cut-off value of prognostic related indicators to predict the survival of patients. Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw the survival curve. Log-rank test and Cox regression were used to analyze the possible factors of prognosis among patients. Results The median follow-up time was 15 months, and the average survival time was 11 months. The 6-month and 1-year survival rates of patients were 84.55% and 40.00%, respectively. The optimal cut-off value of CONUT score, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR) were 1.5, 2.58, 88.33 and 4.5, respectively. 7 indicators including WHO grading, surgical procedure, preoperative KPS score, CONUT, NLR, PLR, and LMR, are associated with patient survival time (P<0.05). CONUT score<1.5, NLR<2.58 and total resection are protective factors for the prognosis among patients with glioma , with HR (95% CI) of 0.206(0.093~0.457), 0.521 (0.285~0.951) and 0.558 (0.344~0.905), respectively. WHO grade IV (relative to grade III) and KPS<60 are risk factors for the prognosis of patients, with HR (95% CI) of 1.648 (1.066~2.548) and 2.016 (1.277~3.182), respectively. The 1-year survival rate of glioma patients with CONUT ≥ 1.5 and<1.5 were 26.14% and 92.06%, respectively. The 1-year survival rate of patients with NLR ≥ 2.58 and<2.58 were 27.85% and 70.97%, respectively. The 1-year survival rate of WHO grade III and IV patients were 55.22% and 16.28%, respectively. The 1-year survival rate of total resection and partial resection were 44.44% and 27.59%, respectively. The 1-year survival rate of KPS <60 and ≥60 were 10.00% and 57.14%, respectively. Conclusion The prognosis of patients with high-grade glioma is poor, CONUT score, NLR, WHO grading, surgical methods, and KPS score are related to patient prognosis.