Aim: to provide a reference for clinical treatment of supratentorial arachnoid cyst through meta-analysis of cognitive function. Methods: Using arachnoid cyst, cognitive function, and behaviour function as keywords, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, Wanfang Data, CBM, VIP and CNKI were searched from inception to August 20, 2023. Data were analysed using STATA 14.0, with primary indicators including Operational IQ, Verbal IQ, Total IQ, Color Word Interference test, Verbal Fluency test and Tower Test, and secondary indicators including radiographic and clinical symptoms changes. Results: 12 studies with 336 surgical and 83 control cases were included. The meta-analysis results showed statistically significant differences in the color word interference test, speech fluency test and the Tower test between the patients with arachnoid cysts and the normal control group (P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in operating IQ, speech IQ, total IQ, Color Word Interference test, Verbal Fluency test and Tower test between patients with arachnoid cysts before and after surgery (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the Processing Speed index, Working Memory index and Boston Naming test before and after surgery. Clinical symptoms and cyst volume in patients with arachnoid cysts were significantly different before and after surgery (p<0.05). Conclusion: Some patients with arachnoid cysts have abnormalities in cognitive function assessment, and treatment should be individualized according to clinical symptoms, radiographic examinations, and neuropsychological evaluation results.