Abstract：Objective To explore the efficacy of Robotic-assisted stereotactic puncture, aspiration and drainage for patients with brain abscess. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed of 46 patients with brain abscess in our department from January 2016 to October 2022. We divided the patients into two groups: craniotomy group (n=28) and stereotactic puncture group (n=18). Data on clinical characteristics, operation time, the mean blood loss in operation，postoperative length of hospital stay, abscess clearance rate, the incidence rate of postoperative complications, and prognosis were retrospectively reviewed and compared between these two groups. Results There were no significant differences in the general characteristics (gender, age, duration of illness, abscess size, and preoperative Glasgow Coma Scale score) between the two groups of patients. The mean operation time, the mean blood loss in operation, the postoperative hospital stay and the incidence rate of postoperative complications of the puncture group were significantly lower than those of the craniotomy group, and the postoperative GOS score in puncture group was significantly higher than that of the craniotomy group. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05)，but no significant difference in abscess clearance rate between the puncture group and the craniotomy group. Conclusion Robot-assisted stereotactic puncture, aspiration and drainage for patients with brain abscess is a simple, safe, and precise minimally invasive surgical treatment method. It could shorten the surgical time and postoperative hospital stay, also reduce the incidence rate of complications, and improve the the patients, prognosis. Its clinical value has been demonstrated and it could be further promoted in clinical practice.