Objective: To investigate the effect of G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) on neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier (BBB) during early brain injury (EBI) in rats with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Methods: 36 male rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (n = 6/group): sham operation (Sham) group, SAH (3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 72 h) group. In addition, 72 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 18/group): Sham group, SAH group, SAH combined with overexpressed GPR30 lentivirus negative vector (SAH+Lv-NC) group, SAH combined with overexpressed GPR30 lentivirus Vector (SAH+Lv-GPR30) group. The Sprague-Dawley rat model of SAH was established by intravascular perforation. The sham group only punctured without puncturing blood vessels. Lv-NC and Lv-GPR30 were injected intraventricularly 7 days before modeling. The Changes of Neurological Function in rats were evaluated by using the improved Garcia score. The brain water content and Evans blue extravasation was performed 72 hours after the surgery to reflect the extent of cerebral edema and blood-brain barrier disruption. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining to observe the pathological changes of brain tissue. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis of the expression level of GPR30 mRNA in brain tissue. Expression levels of GPR30, matrix metalloprotein peptidase 9 (MMP-9) and matrix metalloprotein peptidase 2 (MMP-2) in rat brain tissue detected by Western Blot. The proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin 10 ( IL-10) levels was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Results: Compared with the Sham group, the neurological function of the rats in the SHA group was seriously impaired, the brain water content and Evans blue extravasation rate were significantly increased, the expressions of MMP-9 and MMP-2 in the brain tissue were increased, and the levels of TNF-α, L-6 and IL-1β in the brain tissue was significantly increased, and at the same time, the level of IL-10 in brain tissue was significantly inhibited. The difference is statistically significant (all P<0.05).As compared with SAH+Lv-NC group, the neurological function of the rats in the SHA+LV-GPR30 group was significantly improved, the brain water content and Evans blue extravasation rate were significantly reduced, the expression of MMP-9 and MMP-2 in the brain tissue was inhibited, and the The levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in tissues decreased significantly, while the levels of IL-10 in brain tissue increased significantly. The difference is statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusions: In summary, our results suggest that GPR30 can alleviate the function of the blood-brain barrier, thereby reducing cerebral edema, reducing neuroinflammation, and improving neurological function.