The morbidity of traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been increasing yearly. The foremost challenge of TBI focuses on extenuating the secondary brain injury-cerebral edema, or cerebrospinal fluid dynamic dysfunction, intracranial hypertension, or even brain parenchymal swelling resulting in encephalocele. Consequently, it is imperative to explore an effective treatment method. Cerebrospinal fluid drainage in severe traumatic brain injury is controversial. Recent studies have been shown that external lumbar drainage of cerebrospinal fluid can significantly reduce intracranial pressure and may play a key role in the treatment of post-traumatic refractory intracranial hypertension.