Objective To perform a meta-analysis of cognitive function in patients with supratentorial arachnoid cyst， and to provide a reference for clinical treatment.Methods With arachnoid cyst， cognitive function， and behaviour function as keywords， PubMed， Web of Science， the Cochrane Library， Embase， Wanfang Data， CBM， VIP， and CNKI were searched for related articles published up to August 20， 2023. Stata 14.0 was used for data analysis； primary indicators included performance intelligence quotient （IQ）， verbal IQ， full-scale IQ， color-word interference test， verbal fluency test， Tower of Hanoi， and Boston Naming Test， and secondary indicators included radiological findings and clinical symptoms.Results A total of 12 studies were included， with 336 surgical cases and 83 control cases. The meta-analysis showed that there were significant differences in the scores of color-word interference test， speech fluency test， and Tower of Hanoi between the patients with arachnoid cysts and the normal control group （P <0.05）. The patients with arachnoid cysts had significant changes in performance IQ， verbal IQ， ful-scale IQ， and the scores of color-word interference test， verbal fluency test， and Tower of Hanoi after surgery （P <0.05）， while there were no significant changes in processing speed index， working memory index， and Boston Naming Test after surgery. There were significant changes in clinical symptoms and cyst volume after surgery in patients with arachnoid cysts （P <0.05）.Conclusions Some patients with arachnoid cysts have abnormal cognitive function， and individualized treatment should be performed according to clinical symptoms， radiological examinations， and neuropsychological assessment.