At present， studies have confirmed the association of gut microbiota with the autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus， and in-depth studies are being conducted to investigate the association between gut microbiota and the neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. However， the research on the association between gut microbiota and autoimmune diseases of the nervous system is still in its preliminary stage， and the mechanism of its influence on autoimmune diseases of the nervous system remains unclear. By reviewing related articles on gut microbiota and autoimmune diseases of the nervous system in recent years， this article elaborates on the interaction between gut microbiota and autoimmune diseases of the nervous system and the current research status of the treatment of autoimmune diseases of the nervous system by targeting gut microbiota.