Craniocerebral trauma ranks first among all types of pediatric trauma. decompressive craniectomy is a common neurosurgical procedure to reduce intracranial pressure， and cranial bone loss will lead to a lack of cranial protection of brain tissue in children. The skull is the most direct protective barrier for brain tissue， and if the cranial defect is not repaired in a timely manner， movement of brain tissue in the skull may be caused by the factors such as body position， emotion， and abdominal pressure， thereby resulting in the disorders including brain penetrating malformations， epileptic seizures， and cerebral degeneration and atrophy. The active personality， poor compliance， and poor self-protection of children may lead to secondary injuries. During the growth and development of children， the lack of cranial protection makes the skull vulnerable to secondary injuries and may affect the normal development of nervous system， resulting in mental retardation， poor development of the nervous system， and other related complications， and therefore， reconstruction of the integrity of the skull is essential for the growth and development of the child. The immature dura mater plays an important role in cranial development and defect repair， and children within 2 years of age are capable of repairing large cranial defects， whereas adults lack such endogenous ability. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 （BMP2） is significantly upregulated in bone defects in young animals， suggesting that BMP2 plays an important role in bone tissue regeneration. Many biological regulatory factors can modulate the activity of BMP2. This article reviews the current research status of BMP2 in cranial defect repair in children.