Neutrophils， as an important member of the tumor microenvironment， are widely distributed in the circulatory system， and neutrophils in brain parenchyma may predominantly originate from the skull and adjacent vertebral bone marrow. Recent studies have shown that neutrophils undergo phenotypic changes after contact with glioma cells and exhibit various functions including involvement in the malignant progression of glioma， immunosuppression， and antitumor effect. In the early stage， neutrophils exert an inhibitory effect on tumor cells through the mechanism of antibody-dependent cytotoxicity. With the prolongation of contact time， the antitumor effect of neutrophils gradually weakens while their tumor promotion effect gradually strengthens. In addition， neutrophils interact with other immune cells through various factors and receptors and further promote the proliferation， invasion， angiogenesis， and immune suppression of glioma. Therefore， targeted therapy against neutrophils may become a new generation of immunotherapy and enhance the efficacy of cancer treatment， and these strategies mainly involve inhibiting neutrophil recruitment and promoting neutrophil reprogramming and depletion. This article summarizes the research on the origin， functional status， and immune effect of neutrophils， as well as their impact on glioma and the prospects of targeted therapy.