Objective To investigate the clinical effect of robot-assisted stereotactic puncture， aspiration， and drainage in the treatment of patients with brain abscess.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 46 patients with brain abscess who were treated in Tongji Hospital， Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology， from January 2016 to October 2022. Among these patients， 28 underwent craniotomy and surgical resection （craniotomy group） and 18 underwent robot-assisted stereotactic puncture， aspiration， and drainage （puncture group）. The two groups were compared in terms of general information， time of operation， intraoperative blood loss， length of postoperative hospital stay， abscess clearance rate， the incidence rate of postoperative complications， and prognosis.Results There were no significant differences in general information （sex， age， course of disease， size of abscess， and preoperative Glasgow Coma Scale score） between the two groups. Compared with the craniotomy group， the puncture group had a significantly shorter time or operation， a significantly lower intraoperative blood loss， a significantly shorter length of postoperative hospital stay， a significantly lower incidence rate of postoperative complications， and a significantly higher Glasgow Outcome Scale score at 6 months after surgery （P <0.05）. There was no significant difference in abscess clearance rate between the puncture group and the craniotomy group.Conclusion Robot-assisted stereotactic puncture， aspiration， and drainage is a simple， safe， and precise minimally invasive surgical treatment method for brain abscess， and it can shorten the time of operation and the length of postoperative hospital stay， reduce the incidence rate of complications， and improve the prognosis of patients. It has a marked clinical value and holds promise for further clinical application.