Peripheral neuropathy is a general term for the diseases of structural and functional damage to the peripheral nervous system caused by different etiologies， and such diseases can involve sensory， motor， and autonomic nerves and have a high disability rate， thereby seriously affecting the quality of life of patients. Early diagnosis and treatment are important for improving the prognosis of these diseases. Currently， the diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy mainly relies on medical history， clinical signs， laboratory tests， and electromyography， among which laboratory tests and electromyography have an important value in the diagnosis and treatment of peripheral neuropathy， but they often fail to assist in early diagnosis and treatment due to delayed results and the fact that they are easily affected by external factors. With the advances in imaging techniques， neurosonology and neuromagnetic resonance imaging play an increasingly important role in the diagnosis and treatment of peripheral neuropathy and are expected to become a new noninvasive， reproducible， intuitive， and effective method for the routine clinical diagnosis and outcome evaluation of peripheral neuropathy. ［Journal of International Neurology and Neurosurgery, 2023, 50(4): 71-75］