Spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage （SAH） is a severe acute hemorrhagic stroke with extremely high mortality and disability rates. The main mechanisms of brain injury after hemorrhage include early brain injury and delayed cerebral ischemia， which will eventually lead to poor prognosis. At present， there are limited measures to treat and alleviate brain injury. This article reviews the animal model of SAH and the pathological mechanism of brain injury after SAH and summarizes the role of related biomarkers in brain injury and poor prognosis， in order to provide ideas for developing drugs and clinical treatment regimens for SAH. ［Journal of International Neurology and Neurosurgery, 2023, 50(3): 51-59］