Objective To study the clinical features of neurobrucellosis.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 17 patients with neurobrucellosis who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology from April 2017 to October 2021.Results Among the 17 patients with neurobrucellosis， there were 13 male patients and 4 female patients， with a mean age of （48.8±15.1） years， and 16 patients had a history of contact with cattle and sheep or dairy products. Clinical manifestations included meningitis in 9 patients， encephalitis in 3 patients， meningoencephalitis in 1 patient， intraspinal abscess with spinal cord compression in 1 patient， intraspinal abscess with spinal cord lesion in 1 patient， cerebrovascular disease in 1 patient， and peripheral neuropathy in 1 patient. Of all patients， 16 tested positive for Brucella serum agglutination test， among whom 1 patient was found to have Brucella melitensis in blood culture， and 1 patient was found to have Brucella melitensis in cerebrospinal fluid by next-generation sequencing. Among the 17 patients， 15 had elevated leukocyte count in cerebrospinal fluid， 13 had elevated protein， 10 had a reduction in glucose， and 12 had a reduction in chloride. All patients were given combined treatment with two or three drugs out of doxycycline， rifampicin， ceftriaxone， levofloxacin， and streptomycin. Most patients had a good prognosis.Conclusions Patients with neurobrucellosis tend to have diverse clinical manifestations， and there is a lack of specificity in cerebrospinal fluid examination. Neurobrucellosis should be considered for unexplained nervous system lesions with fever. ［Journal of International Neurology and Neurosurgery, 2023, 50(3): 37-40］