Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of enhanced recovery after surgery （ERAS） in the perioperative period of patients with neurovascular compression syndrome （NVCS）.Methods A total of 78 NVCS patients were randomly divided into ERAS group and control group， with 39 patients in each group. The patients in the ERAS group were given the ERAS management plan， and those in the control group were given the conventional perioperative management plan for neurosurgery. The two groups were compared in terms of time to diet after surgery， time to first ambulation， time to discharge， pain， dizziness， nausea and vomiting， anxiety and depression， incidence rate of postoperative complications， and postoperative recovery quality.Results Compared with the control group， the ERAS group had significantly better postoperative recovery quality and conditions of pain， dizziness， nausea and vomiting， and anxiety and depression （P <0.05）. Compared with the control group， the ERAS group had significantly shorter time to diet after surgery， time to first ambulation， and time to discharge （P <0.05）. There was no significant difference in the incidence rate of complications between the two groups （P >0.05）.Conclusions The ERAS regimen can improve the quality of postoperative recovery and accelerate the process of postoperative rehabilitation， without increasing the incidence rate of postoperative complications. ［Journal of International Neurology and Neurosurgery, 2023, 50(3): 21-25］