With the improvement in neuroendoscopy and auxiliary equipment， surgeons have gained a deeper understanding of the surgery and related skills， and endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary adenoma resection has become the preferred surgical procedure for the treatment of this disease in the field of neurosurgery. Although such surgery has the advantages of close observation and wide-angle visual field， injury of the surgical path， especially postoperative olfactory dysfunction， has not attracted enough attention. This article reviews the possible influencing factors for postoperative olfactory function. ［Journal of International Neurology and Neurosurgery, 2023, 50(2): 87-90］