Glioma is the most common malignant tumor of the central nervous system， and surgical resection is the most mature therapeutic method for glioma and shows the highest cure rate in clinical practice. The main difficulty faced by the surgeon during the surgery is to completely remove the lesion under the premise of preserving the function as much as possible， and the development of rapid intraoperative pathological diagnosis greatly helps and enables the surgeon to make a rapid and accurate judgment on the nature， type， invasion， extent， and resection margin of tumor during surgery， so as to formulate a more scientific and precise treatment regimen for the patient at the first time. This article summarizes the main characteristics of various techniques for rapid intraoperative pathological diagnosis and reviews the research advances in their application in rapid and accurate intraoperative pathological diagnosis for glioma surgery. ［Journal of International Neurology and Neurosurgery, 2023, 50(2): 71-76］