Peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase， NIMA-interacting 1 （Pin1） is a peptide bond isomerase that catalyzes the phosphorylation of serine （threonine）-proline motifs in proteins and has the functions of regulating protein folding， intracellular signal transduction， transcription， and cell apoptosis. Pin1 is widely expressed in the central and peripheral nervous systems and can regulate the development， apoptosis， and synaptic activity of various neurons. Although studies have reported that Pin1 interacts with neuronal substrates to affect specific signaling pathways， there is still a lack of comprehensive understanding of its biological function at the neuronal level. In addition， an increasing amount of evidence has shown that Pin1 plays a crucial role in aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases， including Alzheimer's disease， Parkinson's disease， frontotemporal dementia， Huntington's disease， and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis， in which it mediates various roles from neuroprotection to neurotoxicity. Therefore， further studies are needed to investigate the biological function of Pin1 in neurons and clarify the molecular mechanism of Pin1 in age-related and neurodegenerative diseases， so as to provide molecular targets for the clinical treatment of related diseases. ［Journal of International Neurology and Neurosurgery, 2023, 50(2): 67-70］