Parkinson's disease （PD） is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor symptoms， while gastrointestinal symptoms have attracted more attention after the proposal of the gut-brain axis theory. As the key medium acting on the gut-brain axis， microbial flora can affect disease progression through neurotransmitters， immunity， and inflammatory response， suggesting that the gastrointestinal tract may be a potential therapeutic target， and the treatment based on diet， drugs， and intestinal flora can not only improve gastrointestinal symptoms， but also improve motor symptoms and mental and cognitive disorders. Mediterranean diet and ketogenic diet can improve constipation and intestinal inflammation by changing intestinal flora and its metabolites， while Mediterranean diet rich in dietary fiber and antioxidants is currently the recommended dietary treatment， and the antioxidants （mainly quercetin） in Mediterranean diet can reduce the loss of dopaminergic neurons and significantly alleviate the motor symptoms of PD. The drugs commonly used for the treatment of gastrointestinal symptoms， such as laxatives， chloride channel activator， and 5-HT4 receptor agonists， can improve gastric emptying and digestion by enhancing motility and increasing the secretion of intestinal juice， and in addition， levodopa， metformin， and glucagon-like peptide-2 can affect intestinal microenvironment， reduce intestinal leakage and inflammatory response， and exert a protective effect on nerves. Fecal microbiota transplantation， probiotics， and antibiotics can directly act on microbial flora and delay or prevent the development of PD by improving dysbacteriosis， alleviating inflammatory response， and regulating immunity. Probiotics have been widely used in clinical practice， and studies have shown that standardized medication in PD patients can improve constipation and motor symptoms， reduce inflammatory response markers， and enhance sensitivity to insulin. Although further studies are needed to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of these treatment modalities， they provide new ideas and directions for the treatment of gastrointestinal symptoms in PD and other diseases affecting the gastrointestinal tract. ［Journal of International Neurology and Neurosurgery, 2023, 50(2): 56-61］