Objective To investigate the secondary preventive medication and its influencing factors in patients with transient ischemic attack （TIA） at discharge， as well as the motivation and obstacles of medication through qualitative research.Methods A total of 270 TIA patients who were discharged from the Department of Neurology， 981 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Logistics Support Force， from January 2016 to December 2020 were selected. According to medication compliance， they were divided into a good compliance group with 116 patients and a poor compliance group with 154 patients. The two groups were compared in terms of clinical data and medication compliance， and the multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the influencing factors for medication compliance in the patients with TIA. A total of 10 patients with TIA were included with the data saturation of respondents as the standard； the qualitative research method was used to conduct semi-structured in-depth interviews with patients， and the Giorgi data analysis method was used to extract and summarize related topics to investigate the internal influencing factors for the medication behavior of patients with TIA.Results The patients with TIA had a compliance rate of 69.36%， 57.38%， 78.95%， 69.91%， and 68.32% respectively， with antihypertensive drugs， hypoglycemic drugs， lipid-lowering drugs， antithrombotic drugs， and antiplatelet aggregation drugs after discharge. Low educational level， course of stroke， onset times ≥2， low stroke self-efficacy， and no self-perceived care needs were independent risk factors for poor compliance with secondary preventive medication in the patients with TIA （P<0.05）. Five themes were extracted from the qualitative interview data， i.e.， lack of disease-related knowledge and weak awareness of secondary prevention， fear of adverse drug reactions， increased economic burden， negative emotions， and insufficient family and social support.Conclusions Patients with TIA have poor compliance with secondary preventive medication after discharge， and personal factors， type of drug， support from the medical system， and social and family support are the main influencing factors for their medication compliance. Educational level， course of disease， stroke self-efficacy， and self-perceived care needs play an important role in the secondary preventive medication of TIA patients. ［Journal of International Neurology and Neurosurgery, 2023, 50(2): 12-17］