Objective To investigate the clinical features， auxiliary examination results， treatment， and prognosis of patients with myelin oligodendroglia glycoprotein （MOG） antibody-associated disorders.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 24 patients with MOG antibody-associated disorders who were hospitalized in the Department of Neurology， Xiangya Hospital of Central South University， from January 2019 to January 2021.Results Among the 24 patients， there were 13 male patients and 11 female patients， with a mean age of （31.4±14.9） years. For all 24 patients， encephalitis was the most common manifestation observed in 11 patients （among whom 10 patients had cortical encephalitis）， followed by acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in 6 patients， transverse myelitis in 3 patients， optic neuritis in 2 patients， and neuromyelitis optica in 2 patients. Patients tended to have diverse clinical manifestations， among which headache and fever were the most common symptoms in patients with cortical encephalitis. Among the 24 patients， 9 had elevated cerebrospinal fluid pressure （190-380 mmH₂O）； 9 had elevated leukocyte count （18-1800/mm³）， mainly mononuclear cells； 9 had elevated protein in cerebrospinal fluid （0.46-1.92 g/L）. All patients tested positive for serum MOG antibodies， among whom 6 patients had positive MOG antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid and 1 patient had positive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antibody in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid. All patients underwent cranial magnetic resonance imaging （MRI）， among whom 21 were found to have intracranial lesions， involving the cortex， basal ganglia， thalamus， brainstem， cerebellum， meninges， optic nerve， cervical cord， and thoracic cord， which manifested as long T1 and long T2 abnormal signals， marked hyperintensity on FLAIR， isointensity or hyperintensity on DWI， and isointensity or hypointensity on ADC， with dotted enhancement， patchy enhancement， or no enhancement after contrast-enhanced scan. Spinal cord MRI was performed for 12 patients， among whom 8 had the involvement of the spinal cord， and the lesions were mainly located in the cervical cord and the thoracic cord and often involved more than two segments. Of all 24 patients， 2 refused to receive immunotherapy， and 22 were treated with hormone and/or plasma exchange and human immunoglobulin. Apart from 3 patients who were lost to follow-up， the other 21 patients were followed up for 3-24 months， among whom 15 had good prognosis with no obvious neurological dysfunction， 3 experienced recurrence during the reduction in hormone dose， and 3 still had some symptoms left.Conclusions MOG antibody-associated disorders have strong clinical heterogeneity， and the diagnosis of cortical encephalitis in MOG antibody-associated encephalitis should be taken seriously. Inflammatory changes are often observed in cerebrospinal fluid， with a significant increase in intracranial pressure or leukocyte count， which should be differentiated from intracranial infectious lesions. The positive rate of MOG antibodies in serum is higher than that in cerebrospinal fluid， with the presence of other autoimmune antibodies in occasional cases. Most patients are sensitive to immunotherapy and can achieve a good prognosis.