Multiple sclerosis （MS） is the most common chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system （CNS）， affecting more than 2 million people worldwide. The pathological features of MS include diffuse and focal inflammation， demyelination， gliosis， and neuronal damage in the optic nerve， brain， and spinal cord. The incidence and prevalence rates of MS have been increasing in the world. In the early stage of MS， 40%-65% of patients suffer from cognitive impairment， and due to the fact that cognitive impairment of MS has been ignored for a long time， it is of great importance to perform neuropsychological and cortical damage examinations. This article summarizes the main neuropsychological manifestations of MS， including memory impairment， cognitive impairment， anxiety and depression symptoms， and upper limb function impairment， and discusses the research advances in neurological assessment in MS， especially Expanded Disability Status Scale and Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite. We hope to find better ways for evaluating the progression of MS by discussing the advantages and disadvantages of MS neurological scales， so as to help MS patients obtain diagnosis and treatment in the earlier stage of the disease. ［Journal of International Neurology and Neurosurgery, 2022, 49(6): 87-91］