Intestinal flora has always been a research hotspot in recent years， and as the largest gathering place of microorganisms in the human body， intestinal flora forms a symbiotic and balanced microecosystem with the host and affects human health by participating in the pathways such as direct action， metabolites， and host immunity. Traditionally， it was believed that the central nervous system could act on the intestines and affect intestinal microflora； however， with the rapid development of flora sequencing technology， more and more studies have shown that intestinal flora can also act on the central nervous system and is closely associated with the development and progression of central nervous system diseases， thereby showing a great potential value in the diagnosis and treatment of such diseases. Therefore， this article reviews the association between intestinal flora and central nervous system diseases and the possible mechanisms of such interaction， so as to provide a reference for further research.