Isolated dystonia refers to the type of dystonia with dystonia as the only motor symptom， and the diverse clinical phenotypes of this disease are believed to be associated with gene mutations， multifactorial pathophysiological changes， and environmental stressors. The absence of gross structural abnormalities on conventional MRI is one of the clinical hallmarks of adult-onset focal dystonia； however， blepharospasm， cervical dystonia， writing spasm， laryngeal dystonia， and some types of systemic dystonia show structural and functional changes and neural network dysfunction in different regions of the basal ganglia， subcortical region， the cortex， and the cerebellum. In neuromolecular imaging， different tracers are used to assess the changes in cerebral glucose metabolism and dopaminergic， cholinergic， and GABAergic neurotransmitters， thereby providing clues for exploring the pathogenesis of dystonia.