Objective To investigate the application of the teaching method of neuroimaging anatomy combined with 3D simulation and reconstruction in the teaching of neurosurgery interns.Methods A total of 110 interns in Tangdu Hospital Affiliated to Air Force Military Medical University （the former Fourth Military Medical University） from September 2020 to June 2021 were selected and randomly divided into control group and experimental group， with 55 interns in each group. The traditional clinical teaching mode was adopted for the control group， and the teaching method of neuroimaging anatomy combined with 3D simulation and reconstruction was adopted for the experimental group. The primary observation indicator was theoretical test score， and the secondary observation indicators were the degree of satisfaction with the course and the assessment of clinical case analysis ability among interns.Results After different teaching methods were adopted， the experimental group had a significantly higher test score than the control group （86.4±7.3 vs 82.5±6.4， P = 0.004）. There was no significant difference between the control group and the experimental group in the score of basic knowledge （P = 0.190）， while the experimental group had a significantly higher score of comprehensive application than the control group （32.3±2.1 vs 29.3±2.8， P =0.000）. The experimental group had a significantly higher degree of satisfaction with the course than the control group （95.4±3.8 vs 93.2±3.6， P = 0.002）. Compared with the control group， the experimental group had a significantly higher proportion of excellent and good trainees （93% vs 80%， P = 0.040）.Conclusions The teaching method of neuroimaging anatomy combined with 3D simulation and reconstruction can help undergraduate students to have a deeper understanding of the diagnosis， preoperative assessment， surgical design， treatment measures， and prognostic evaluation of neurosurgery diseases， enhance their clinical thinking and knowledge application abilities， and effectively improve the quality of clinical intern teaching.