Chronic insomnia （CI） is an important risk factor for cognitive impairment and often interacts with cognitive impairment to promote the development of dementia. Since the pathogenesis of CI-related cognitive impairment remains unclear and biomarkers are required for diagnosis， simple and convenient collection of blood samples makes it easier to use blood biomarkers in clinical practice. This article reviews the pathogenesis of CI-related cognitive impairment， the current status of research on blood biomarkers， and the role of astrocytes in CI-related cognitive impairment， so as to provide new ideas for clinical intervention of CI-related cognitive impairment.