Objective To investigate the association of Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4） and downstream inflammatory factors with the development and progression of Parkinson’s disease （PD） by measuring the expression of TLR4， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in the serum of patients with PD.Methods A total of 60 patients with primary PD who were treated at the outpatient service and ward of Department of Neurology in The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College from September 2019 to September 2020 were enrolled as PD group， and 60 individuals who underwent physical examination in this hospital during the same period of time were enrolled as control group. ELISA was used to measure the serum levels of TLR4， IL-6， IL-1β， and TNF-α， and their association with the Hoehn-Yahr staging and clinical typing of PD patients was analyzed.Results Compared with the control group， the PD group had significantly higher serum levels of TLR4 and the downstream inflammatory factors IL-6， IL-1β， and TNF-α in peripheral blood （all P<0.05）. The patients with higher PD stages tended to have higher expression levels of TLR4， IL-6， IL-1β， and TNF-α. There were no significant differences in the expression of TLR4， IL-6， IL-1β， and TNF-α between the patients with tremor-dominant， akinetic-rigid， and mixed subtypes of PD （P>0.05）.Conclusions The high expression of TLR4 and its downstream inflammatory factors is closely associated with the development， progression， and staging of PD， which is of great significance for the research on the pathogenesis of PD. ［Journal of International Neurology and Neurosurgery, 2022, 49(3): 41-45.］