To investigate the etiology and prognosis of isolated abducens nerve palsy， a retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 19 patients who were admitted to the Department of Neurology in Leshan People’s Hospital and were diagnosed with isolated abducens nerve palsy. Microangiopathy （36.8%） was the main cause of isolated abducens nerve palsy， followed bynon-specific inflammation （26.3%）， tumor （10.5%）， and trauma （5.3%）； unknown causes accounted for 21.1%. After symptomatic supportive treatment， 17（89.6%） patients had a complete remission 6 months after onset， 1 （5.3%） was lost to follow-up， and 1 （5.3%） with trauma had no obvious remission. In conclusion， the causes of isolated abducens nerve palsy are numerous and complex. Microangiopathy is the most common cause， followed by non-specific inflammation， tumor， and trauma. Although the overall prognosis is good， the corresponding treatment regimens are relatively complex， and the accumulation of clinical data is still needed to determine the best treatment regimens for patients with abducens nerve palsy caused by various etiologies.