Epilepsy， as an ancient disease， develops in a wide range of populations all over the world， which has serious negative impacts on individuals， families， and society. As one of the second-generation antiepileptic drugs， levetiracetam is widely used in clinical practice because of its relatively high safety， simple pharmacokinetics， and low incidence of interaction with other drugs. Although levetiracetam is significantly effective in controlling epileptic seizure， it may cause various adverse reactions such as dizziness， ataxia， and mental and behavioral disorders including depression， anxiety， uneasiness， and even suicide. This article mainly reviews the possible mechanism of levetiracetam causing mental and behavioral disorders and its influencing factors； meanwhile， some suggestions for clinical application are provided. ［Citation:Journal of International Neurology and Neurosurgery, 2021, 48(3): 307-310］