Peripheral nerve injury may result in the permanent loss of peripheral nerve function if it is not repaired timely and accurately. Current studies have shown that Schwann cell （SC） is involved in the processes of fragment clearance， regeneration of axon and myelin， and target organ reinnervation after peripheral nerve injury. After peripheral nerve injury， SC is rapidly activated， enter into the repair process， and are transformed into the repair phenotype after undergoing a series of dynamic cell remodeling changes， thus promoting nerve regeneration， guiding target organ reinnervation， and finally restoring nerve function. Various signaling pathways and transcription regulators are involved in these processes. Based on this， this article systematically summarizes the research advances in SC in peripheral nerve regeneration， so as to provide new methods and strategies for further research on peripheral nerve repair.