Objective To evaluate the anxiety and depression stateand risk factors in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo （BPPV）.Methods A total of 98 patients who were diagnosed with BPPV in the hospital from January 2018 to April 2020 were enrolled in the study， and 100 healthy subjects who underwent physical examinations and had matched ages， sexes， and educational levels were enrolled in control group. All subjects were assessed using Hamilton anxiety scale and Hamilton depression scale.Results The prevalence rates of anxiety and depression were significantly higher in the BPPV group than in the control group （P<0.05）. Among the patients with BPPV， 38 cases （38.78%） had anxiety tendency and 10 cases （10.2%） were diagnosed with anxiety； in the control group， 6 cases （6%） had anxiety tendency and 2 cases （2%） were diagnosed with anxiety. Among the patients with BPPV， 27 cases （27.55%） were likely to have depression， 10 cases（10.2%） were diagnosed with depression， and 2 cases（2.04%） were diagnosed with major depression； in the control group， 5 cases （5%） were likely to have depression and 1 case （1%） was diagnosed with depression. Female sex， higher frequency of episodes， and long duration of disease were risk factors influencing the degree of anxiety and depression in patients with BPPV（P<0.05）.Conclusions There is a high chance to develop anxiety and depression inpatients with BPPV， especially in female patients or those who have a higher frequency of episodes and long duration of disease. Therefore， early assessment for mental disorders and intervention are necessary for patients with BPPV. ［Citation：Journal of International Neurology and Neurosurgery, 2021, 48(3): 268-272］