Dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells are mainly responsible for multiple sclerosis (MS). DCs are closely associated with innate and acquired immune systems and may promote or inhibit the specific immune response to myelin antigen. DC subsets are an important factor for the outcome of autoimmune response, and its tissue specificity may also be associated with the function of DC subsets. Therefore, this article reviews the latest research advances in the past 10 years, so as to understand the phenotype and function of DC subsets and their role in MS and related animal models and help to design immune intervention regimens for the treatment of MS based on DC subsets.