Objective To analyze the effect of stereotactic minimally invasive surgery on short-term and long-term outcomes and neurological score in patients with glioma.Methods A total of 204 patients with glioma in our hospital were divided into control group (n=89) and study group (n=115) according to the treatment modality (the former were treated with traditional craniotomy and the latter were treated with stereotactic minimally invasive surgery). The short-term and long-term outcomes of the two groups were evaluated, and the two groups were compared in terms of operation time, length of postoperative hospital stay, and scores of China Stroke Scale (CSS) and modified Barthel Index before and after treatment.Results Compared with the control group, the study group had a significantly higher overall response rate (P<0.05) and significantly shorter operation time and length of postoperative hospital stay (both P<0.01). After treatment, both groups showed significantly decreased CSS scores and significantly increased scores of modified Barthel Index (all P<0.05); compared with the control group, the study group had a significantly lower CSS score and a significantly higher score of modified Barthel Index after treatment (both P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the study group had a significantly lower recurrence rate within 2 years and a significantly higher survival rate (both P<0.05).Conclusions Stereotactic minimally invasive surgery can effectively improve the short-term and long-term outcomes of glioma patients, promote the recovery of neurological function, effectively reduce the recurrence rate, and improve the survival rate.