Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF), and to investigate its prognostic factors. Methods Forty-eight patients with DAVF who were admitted to the Neurosurgery Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from March 2012 to September 2019 were enrolled in the study. A retrospective analysis was performed, with sex, age, number of feeding arteries, cortical venous drainage, fistula location, treatment method, and intracranial hemorrhage as subvariables. The patients were followed up through outpatient visits and telephone interviews at 6 months after discharge. Finally, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed on the collected data. Results The middle meningeal artery was the most common feeding artery for DAVF (37.5%). Headache was the primary symptom initially observed in patients with DAVF (43.64%). Patients with DAVF treated by endovascular treatment had a prognosis 3.955 times better than those treated by surgical resection; patients without intracranial hemorrhage had a prognosis 4.464 (1/0.224) times better than those with intracranial hemorrhage. Conclusions Patients with DAVF should be given a confirmed diagnosis as early as possible, and endovascular treatment is the preferred choice.