Objective To analyze the efficacy of resection of pituitary adenoma through the neuroendoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach and its significance in application.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted in 62 patients (30 males and 32 females, aged 27~81 years, mean age:52.6 years) with pituitary adenoma admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from January 2017 to October 2019. Pituitary adenomas in these patients included microadenoma (10 cases), macroadenoma (38 cases), and giant adenoma (14 cases). The patients underwent resection of pituitary adenoma through the neuroendoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach, and were assessed at postoperative follow-up by neuroimaging, endocrine, and visual examinations.Results The follow-ups ranged from 1 to 34 months, with a median follow-up time of 17 months. Of the 62 patients, 50 underwent a total resection, 9 underwent a subtotal resection, and 3 underwent an extended resection. After the surgery, the patients had an endocrine disorder cure rate of 34.6%, a visual acuity improvement rate of 92.3%, and a headache improvement rate of 83.3%. Postoperative transient diabetes insipidus (12 cases) and cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea (5 cases) occurred in the patients, while there was no persistent diabetes insipidus or cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea. There were no serious complications such as intracranial infection, coma, and persistent vegetative state or death.Conclusions It is safe and effective to resect pituitary adenoma through the neuroendoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach.