Objective To review the cases of oculomotor nerve palsy after head trauma treated with intraorbital electroacupuncture (IEA), and to analyze the influencing factors for treatment outcomes.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of the patients with oculomotor nerve palsy after head trauma who underwent IEA in our hospital. Multivariate analyses were performed on the possible factors influencing treatment outcomes, such as sex, age, severity of traumatic brain injury, level of oculomotor nerve palsy, oculomotor nerve palsy score, course of the disease, and times of treatment.Results In the 90 patients enrolled as subjects, 24 were cured, 46 had response or marked response, and 20 had no response, yielding an overall response rate of 77.8%. The patients had significantly reduced scores for each item in oculomotor nerve palsy after treatment (all P<0.001). Particularly, ptosis and horizontal adduction were significantly improved compared with eyeball downward movement, pupil dilation, and light reflex. According to the regression analysis, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) severity and course of the disease were risk factors for treatment outcomes (β=-3.835, P=0.016; β=-4.618, P=0.049); times of treatment was a protective factor for treatment outcomes (β=0.406, P=0.006). Those patients with a disease course over 90 days had a low response rate after treatment, which was only 1/100 of that of the patients with a disease course not longer than 90 days (P<0.05).Conclusions IEA is an effective therapy for oculomotor nerve palsy after head trauma. Particularly, IEA heals the extraocular muscles better than the intraocular muscles. The treatment outcomes depend on the severity of traumatic brain injury, course of the disease, and times of treatment. A high GCS score, long duration of the disease, and few treatments reduce the patients' response to IEA.