肌萎缩侧索硬化叠加帕金森综合征临床分析
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张玉虎(1975-),男,科室副主任,主任医师,博士,教授,博/硕士生导师,主要从事帕金森病研究。E-mail:yhzhangsd@126.com。

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广东省自然科学基金重点项目(2017B03031105);广州市民生科技攻关计划项目(201803010085);广东省医学科研基金(A2017317);国家重点慢病专项项目(2017YFC1310200);国家自然科学基金(81671275)


Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-parkinsonism: An analysis of two cases and literature review
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    摘要:

    本文报道了广东省人民医院2例肌萎缩侧索硬化叠加帕金森综合征(ALS-PS)患者的诊断过程,通过文献复习分析了肌萎缩侧索硬化叠加综合征(ALS-Plus)的临床特征、发病率、预后以及可能的发病机制。例1患者表现出运动迟缓和铅管样肌强直的帕金森综合征,左旋多巴冲击试验阴性,无嗅觉减退和痴呆,我们诊断为未分化的ALS-PS。例2患者不仅表现出运动迟缓和铅管样肌强直,同时还有小脑、自主神经功能受累的表现,可以归结到MSA的诊断,故诊断为ALS-MSA。ALS-Plus约占所有ALS患者的13.6%,并且较单纯ALS患者有更短的生存时间。尽管相关研究尝试为ALS-Plus提供合理的解释,但目前具体发病机制仍不完全清楚,有待进一步的研究。ALS-Plus在ALS中并不罕见,但在临床上容易被忽略,一方面因为ALS-Plus对其他系统特别是锥体外系的损伤常常被严重的肌萎缩、肌无力症状所掩盖;另一方面在于神经科医生仍对其缺乏充分的认识。因此,我们认为神经科医生应该加强对ALS-Plus的认识,详细的病史和体格检查有助于避免误诊及漏诊。

    Abstract:

    This article reports the diagnostic process for two patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-parkinsonism (ALS-PS) in Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, and analyzes the clinical features, incidence, prognosis, and possible pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-plus syndrome (ALS-Plus) through literature review. Case 1 presented with parkinsonism of bradykinesia and lead-pipe rigidity, with a negative levodopa challenge test and without hyposmia and dementia; we considered this case as undifferentiated ALS-PS. Case 2 showed the clinical manifestations of bradykinesia and lead-pipe rigidity, as well as cerebellar and autonomic dysfunction, which could be attributed to a diagnosis of multiple system atrophy (MSA), and therefore, we considered this case as ALS-MSA. Among all patients with ALS, those with ALS-Plus accounted for approximately 13.6% and tended to have a shorter survival time than the patients with ALS alone. Related studies have tried to give a reasonable explanation for ALS-Plus, but the pathogenesis of this remains unclear, and further studies are needed for clarification. ALS-Plus is not rare in ALS, but it is easily neglected in clinical practice, as the damage to other systems, particularly the extrapyramidal system, in ALS-Plus is often covered by severe muscle atrophy and muscle weakness, and the neurologists still have no sufficient knowledge of ALS-Plus. Therefore, the awareness of this disease should be improved among neurologists, and detailed medical history and physical examination can help to avoid misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.

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蔡彤彤, 李彦, 冯淑君, 黄智恒, 王丽娟, 张玉虎456.肌萎缩侧索硬化叠加帕金森综合征临床分析[J].国际神经病学神经外科学杂志,2019,46(4):374-377111CAI Tong-Tong, LI Yan, FENG Shu-Jun, HUANG Zhi-Heng, WANG Li-Juan, ZHANG Yu-Hu222. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-parkinsonism: An analysis of two cases and literature review[J]. Journal of International Neurology and Neurosurgery,2019,46(4):374-377

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  • 收稿日期:2019-01-15
  • 最后修改日期:2019-05-08
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  • 在线发布日期: 2019-08-28
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