Objective To investigate the effects of exosomes derived from glioma stem cells (GSCs) on the proliferation and migration of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs). Methods Human glioma U87 cell line-derived glioma stem cells (GSCs) were cultured and isolated, and the cultured tumorspheres and their differentiated cells were identified by immunohistochemical staining. The glioma stem cell-derived exosomes were extracted. HBMECs were treated with different concentrations of GSCs-exo (20 μg/ml, 40 μg/ml, 60 μg/ml). At the end of the treatment, the effect of GSCs-exo on the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells was examined by CCK-8 method, and the effect of GSCs-exo on cell migration ability was detected by Transwell chamber. Results The tumorspheres were suspended in the culture state. Immunohistochemical staining showed that Nestin and CD133 were specifically expressed in the cultured tumorspheres. The staining of the cells induced by the tumorspheres showed positive expression of GFAP and Neun. With the increase of GSCs-exo concentration, the proliferative capacity of vascular endothelial cells increased gradually, and the migration ability was also greatly improved (P<0.05). Conclusions In the glioma microenvironment, glioma stem cell-derived exosomes can promote proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells, GSCs-exo may be a key factor in angiogenesis of glioma.