Objective To investigate the risk factors associated with cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) in cerebrovascular diseases.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 641 patients who underwent a susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) of brain from January 2016 to January 2017 in Gansu Provincial People's Hospital. Among these patients, 100 patients were diagnosed with CMBs (CMBs group), and 153 patients were free of CMBs (normal group). SWI was used to count the number of lesions in patients with CMBs, and the association between the relevant risk factors and CMBs was analyzed.Results The results of independent sample test in the CMBs group and the normal group showed that there were significant differences between the above two groups in creatinine, homocysteine, cystatin C, superoxide dismutase, fibrinogen, age, and hypertension. Spearman correlation analysis showed that the severity of CMBs was correlated with age (r=0.687, P=0.000) and the severity of hypertension (r=0.087, P=0.389). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the development of CMBs was associated with age (odds ratio[OR]=0.930, P=0.000),history of hypertension (OR=0.126, P=0.000), mean arterial pressure (OR=0.937, P=0.000), systolic pressure (OR=0.954, P=0.005), and diastolic pressure (OR=1.049, P=0.048).Conclusions The development of CMBs is related to age, history of hypertension, and systolic pressure,diastolic pressure,and mean arterial pressure level.