Objective To investigate the factors for the recurrence of medulloblastoma and related treatment strategies.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 39 patients with medulloblastoma who were treated in Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, from February 2012 to August 2014 and provided complete follow-up data, including general conditions, clinical manifestations, treatment methods, time to recurrence, and prognosis. The survival curve was plotted, and univariate and multivariate analyses were performed for related factors to analyze their association with progression-free survival.Results Of all 39 patients, 15 (38.5%) underwent craniotomy alone and 24 (61.5%) underwent surgery+radiotherapy/chemotherapy. The median progression-free survival for all patients was 16.0 months. The median event-free survival (EFS) was 6.0 months in the surgical treatment group and 21.0 months in the surgery+radiotherapy/chemotherapy group, and there was a significant difference between the two groups. There was no significant difference in EFS between the patients with different ages, sexes, and tumor locations.Conclusions Surgical operation combined with postoperative radiochemotherapy can significantly improve the progression-free survival of patients with medulloblastoma, compared with surgery alone.