Objective To investigate the association between the Dicer gene rs1057035 polymorphism and glioma in the Han Chinese population in Shaanxi Province, China.Methods A total of 200 patients with glioma in Shaanxi Province were enrolled as case group, and 184 patients without tumor diseases who were hospitalized and treated in our department during the same period of time were enrolled as control group. Their clinical data were collected, and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to analyze the single nucleotide polymorphism of Dicer gene rs1057035.Results The case group had a significantly lower frequency of C allele of Dicer gene rs1057035 than the control group (χ²=5.137, P=0.023). The stratified analysis showed that Dicer rs1057035 C allele significantly reduced the risk of glioma in alcoholics (odds ratio[OR]=0.253, 95% confidence interval[CI]:0.067-0.949, P=0.036), patients without a family history of tumor disease (OR=0.561, 95%CI:0.339-0.930, P=0.024), or patients with type Ⅲ/IV glioma (OR=0.525, 95%CI:0.284-0.969, P=0.037).Conclusions The Dicer rs1057035 polymorphism may be associated with the genetic susceptibility to glioma.