Objective To investigate the emotional and cognitive status of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and analyze the influencing factors.Methods Thirty patients with TLE and 30 healthy controls matched for age, sex, and education level were enrolled for information collection, neuropsychological scale test, and statistical analysis.Results Compared with the control group, the TLE group had a significantly higher proportion of individuals experiencing anxiety (P<0.01) and significantly lower Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Revised in China (WAIS-RC-knowledge), Trail Making Test (TMT_B), and Backward Digit Span Test (BDST) scores (P<0.05). There was a linear regression relationship between duration of seizures/family history of epilepsy and MoCA score and between age of onset and WAIS-RC-knowledge score (R²=0.325 and 0.137, respectively, both P<0.05).Conclusions Compared with normal people, patients with TLE are more prone to experience anxiety, and may have reduced overall intelligence, short-term memory, long-term memory, attention, and executive functioning. For patients with TLE, especially those with long disease duration, early onset, or family history, an early neuropsychological assessment will help with early detection of cognitive impairment and effective intervention.