Objective To observe the changes of learning and memory function after status epileptics (SE) in rats, and explore the possible mechanism.Methods Intraperitoneal injection Lithium-pilocarpine (Li-Pilo) to establish the rat model of SE. RMT-100 rats eight arm maze test was used to evaluate the learning and memory function before and after epileptic seizure in rats. Nissl staining was used to detect the neuronal damage in hippocampus. Streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase complex immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression level of NGB.Results After SE, the hippocampal neurons were severely damaged. The expression level of NGB in CA1, CA3 and DG regions were increased, and there was a positive correlation between the number of surviving neurons in CA1, CA3 regions and the NGB expressions (r=0.206, P=0.015; r=0.306, P=0.011). With the time progress after seizure, the number of working memory error (WME) and reference memory error (RME) increased gradually. And a significant negative correlation between the number of RME and the number of surviving neurons in CA1 and CA3 area (r=-0.579, P=0.000; r=-0.454, P=0.002). There also was a significant negative correlation between the number of WME and the number of surviving neurons in hippocampal CA1 and CA3 area (r=-0.470, P=0.001; r=-0.507, P=0.000).Conclusions SE can lead to significant cognitive impairment, which may be related to the pathological changes of hippocampus induced by SE. In addition, the up-regulation of NGB expression in hippocampus after SE may be a compensatory neuroprotective mechanism of ischemic injury induced by epilepsy, and it may be helpful to improve cognitive function.