Objective To explore the risk factors of complications of post-craniectomy cranioplasty.Methods Clinical data of 255 patients of cranioplasty were analyzed retrospectively,and the influence of the related factors on postoperative complications were analyzed.Results The infection rate of the patients with cranioplasty after the operation of the patients with ventriculoperitoneal shunting were higher than that of the patients with no ventriculoperitoneal shunting(25.00%vs 6.81%,p=0.004). Logistic regression analysis showed that the ventriculoperitoneal shunting before the operation of cranioplasity was related to incidence of infection (odds ratio 9.506; 95% confidence interval(CI)2.485-36.340; p=0.001)and necrosis of skin flap(odds ratio 6.347; 95% CI 0.037-13.556; p=0.003).Conclusions The operation of the ventriculoperitoneal shunting resulted in an increase in the incidence of infection and necrosis of skin flap after cranioplasty operation.