Objective To investigate the epidemiology and prognostic factors for craniocerebral injury (CCI) in the southeast of Gansu Province, China, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of CCT.Methods The medical records of patients with CCI admitted to the department of neurosurgery in our hospital from October 2008 to June 2010 were collected. Data were extracted using the questionnaire for epidemiological survey on CCI and were analyzed by SPSS 17.0.Results A total of 1014 patients with CCI were enrolled in this study, with the male-female ratio being 3.7:1 and the mean age being 34.3±19.7 years (1-83 years). Most of patients were farmers without junior middle school education. A leading cause of CCI was falls (406, 40.0%), followed by traffic accidents (333, 32.8%); people aged 18-65 years accounted for the largest proportion of individuals who suffered CCI due to each of the two causes. CCI occurred mostly around Spring Festival. Ordinal regression analysis showed that waiting time to see doctors and the mechanism and severity of injury were the significant prognostic factors for patients with CCI. Conclusions The in-depth investigation of causes, population distribution, and time of occurrence of CCI in the southeast of Gansu Province is helpful to implement the specific prevention and control measures, reduce the probability of occurrence, shorten waiting time in hospitals, and improve the treatment level of CCI in this region.