Objective To observe the dynamic changes of canonical transient receptor potential channels 6 (TRPC6) expression in the rat hippocampus with pilocarpine-induced epilepsy, and to investigate its effect on mossy fiber sprouting in hippocampus. Methods Seventy-two healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided randomly into experimental group (n=60) and control group (n=12). The temporal lobe epilepsy model was established by intraperitoneal injection of lithium and pilocarpine, while the controls were injected with equal dose of saline (NS). The experimental rats were equally divided into 5 subgroups at time points 1 day、7 days、15 days、30 days and 60 days after status epileptics (SE). Each subgroup and the control rats were subsequently divided into 2 panels for the following tests respectively: ① expression of TRPC6 and Synaptophysin protein in rats' hippocampus by Western blot; ② Timm staining and score. Results The expression of TRPC6 was markedly increased and reached its peak on 1 days after SE (P<0.01), and it was higher than the control at all the other time points (P<0.01). Compared with the control, the expression of Synaptophysin was markedly up-regulated on 15 days、30 days、60 days after SE (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and reached the peak on 30 days after SE. Timm granules appeared in molecular layer of gyrus dentatus in the hippocampus of experimental rats since 7 days after SE, and then gradually increased. Conclusions TRPC6 may play a potential role in mossy fiber sprouting, in which BDNF may involve.