Objective Preliminarily investigate the correlation between patients with traumatic brain injury and the subsequent occurrence of stroke.Methods A total of 1645 patients with a diagnosis of TBI were included,together with 3294 non-TBI patients as our comparison group, were followed for 3 months,1 year and 3 years to identify subsequent occurrence of stroke. And, recorded whether they had the history of, hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, hyperlipidemia, atrial fibrillation. Case-control study was used to analyze the correlation between patients with traumatic brain injury and the subsequent occurrence of stroke. Results ①Patients with TBI were more likely to have hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, and atrial fibrillation (P<0.001), than were patients in the comparison group. No significant difference in hyperlipidemia (P>0.05) between patients with TBI and the comparison patients was found.②As compared with patients in the comparison group, patients with TBI had significantly higher stroke rates within the 3-month (3.16% versus 0.82%), 1-year (6.69% versus 1.70%), and 3-year (9.36% versus 4.01%) periods.③As compared with patients in TBI without skull fracture,patients in TBI with skull bone fracture significantly higher stroke rates within the 3-month (10.22% versus 2.52%), 1-year (18.25% versus 5.64%), and 3-year (22.08% versus 7.96%) periods. Conclusions Individuals who have sustained a TBI maybe an increased risk of stroke during the first few months and years,especially patients with skull fracture.